JAMB UTME English Language (Use of English) Past Questions and Answers Free 2008

JAMB UTME English Language (Use of English) Past Questions and Answers Free 2008 – Introduction

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JAMB UTME Use of English Past Questions and Answers Free – 2007

JAMB UTME Use of English Past Questions and Answers Free – 2006

JAMB UTME Use of English Past Questions and Answers Free – 2005

JAMB UTME Use of English Past Questions and Answers 2004 – Free

JAMB UTME Use of English Past Questions and Answers Free – 2003

JAMB UTME Use of English Past Questions and Answers Free – 2002

JAMB UTME Use of English Past Questions and Answers Free – 2001

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JAMB UTME English Language (Use of English) Past Questions and Answers Free 2008 – Question Key

Questions: Numbered 1 – 100

As a candidate for this examination, you are being examined on one type of this paper, namely Type A, Type

COMPREHENSION

PASSAGE I

The reason for the popularity and acceptance of the leaves of fluted pumpkin in various parts of the country is largely well understood. Consumers of the leaves have grown owing to the claim that the leaf is a blood-boosting vegetable and a delicacy in the preparation of various dishes including local Nigerian soups. That is the much that many consumers know of this vegetable. The growing consumption has also meant that growers of the vegetable have been under increased pressure to keep up the supply. This has translated into more income for vegetable garden owners.

Beyond the leaves lies the giant pod with scores of seeds that have proved to be a rich source of several nutrients required by the body. It is a sweet, nutty, flat, cream-coloured seed with a chewy texture. At the tender stage, the pod can be broken open to clean the seed before boiling in water till cooked. Another option is to roast the seed that produces a pleasant flavor.

The use of pumpkin seed has increased since it has been found effective in treating prostate enlargement in men. The fact that pumpkin seeds serve as a good source of zinc makes them doubly well-suited for this role as a prostate protector, since zinc is a mineral also used by healthcare workers to help reduce prostate size. The healing properties of pumpkin seeds have also been recently investigated with respect to arthritis. Studies have shown that the addition of pumpkin seeds to diet compares favourably with conventional drugs in reducing inflammatory symptoms. Apart from enhancing prostate health, another reason for older men to make zinc-rich food such as pumpkin seeds a regular part of their diet is maintaining bone mineral density.

Questions: 1 – 5

1. Which type of this paper are you answering?

A. Type A

B. Type B

C. Type E

D. Type K

2. From the passage, it can be inferred that

A. possessions inherited are fraudulent wealth.

B. true success will be known to all men in due time.

C. the writer believes that success is symbolic of wealth.

D. success has different meanings to different people.

3. The expression “success is a relative term” suggests that it

A. has one meaning

B. has different meanings

C. is not comprehensible

D. can be defined materially.

4. From the passage, a successful person is described as one who

A. believes in divine intervention

B. enjoys life after retirement

C. has a good family

D. is contented with life.

5. The word “squandered” as used in the passage means

A. frugal

B. spendthrift

C. a glutton

D. a teetotaller.

PASSAGE II

Every human language may be described as a system at each of the four levels of linguistic description, namely morphology, phonology, syntax and semantics. At each of these levels, a linguistic system comprises a number of sub-systems which make up its structure. Thus, a language may also be described as a system of systems.

At the level of phonetics and phonology, a language selects, from a general pool of speech sounds, a finite number of vocal sounds which are combined and used for its communicative and other purposes.

Looking at the human vocal organs, it appears that their primary functions are biological. Even though they are also used for breathing, chewing, cutting, swallowing and smelling, they have been adapted for the production of the speech sounds of any human language. But human languages are different in terms of their sound inventories. The point is, each language has its own number of sounds which are combined in a number of indefinite patterns according to its own phonological rules. This is what makes each language unique as systematic patterns of structure, and perhaps why English uses forty-four sound segments, French forty, Italian twenty-seven, Yoruba twenty-seven and Hawaiian only thirteen.

There are four basic approaches to the study of speech sounds. These are articulatory, acoustic, auditory and forensic. Articulatory phonetics studies how speech sounds are made or articulated. Acoustic phonetics studies the physical properties of speech as sound waves in air. Auditory or perceptual phonetics studies the perception of speech sounds via the ears. The forensic phonetics studies speech sounds in the form of recorded utterances used for identifying a particular speaker, especially in a legal case.

The articulatory approach helps the user of English as a second language to understand how the sounds of English are articulated as well as their basic characteristics. This knowledge may help to improve their pronunciation competence or fluency in the actual use of the language. It may also improve the degree of intelligibility of their utterances and therefore their communicative competence.

According to Yule in his book Introduction to Language, phonology is concerned with the abstract or theoretical aspect of speech sounds while phonetics is concerned with their actual physical articulation. Thus, by studying the systems and patterns of speech sounds in a language, we are actually studying phonology. It is phonology that explains the underlying design, the blueprint of the sound type, which provides the basis for all the variations in different physical articulations of that sound type in different contexts.

Questions: 6 – 10

6. According to the passage, which of the following describes the perception of speech sound?

A. Acoustic

B. Auditory

C. Articulatory

D. Forensic

7. From the passage, the purpose of describing a language as a system is to show that

A. all human languages are the same in every sense.

B. human languages are different at the phonological level.

C. every human language has its own separate patterns of structure at all levels.

D. human languages are too complex to understand at any level.

8. What distinguishes a language from another, according to the passage, is

A. its finite number of sounds

B. the indefinite nature of its patterns

C. its communicative and other purposes

D. its linguistic description at all levels

9. The style of the passage could best be described as

A. expository

B. descriptive

C. narrative

D. argumentative

10. The expression “systematic patterns of structure,” as used in the passage, means that language

A. is an interconnecting network of structures

B. is made up of organized phonetics and phonology

C. is a network of morphology, syntax and semantics

D. comprises similar phonetics, phonology, morphology and semantics.

PASSAGE III

Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disease. Approximately one per cent of the population develop the disease during their lifetime. Although schizophrenia affects men and women with equal frequency, the disorder often appears earlier in men, usually in the late teens or early twenties than in women, who are generally affected in the twenties to early thirties. People with the disorder often suffer terrifying symptoms such as hearing internal voices not heard by others or believing that other people are reading their minds, controlling their thoughts or plotting to harm them. These symptoms may leave them fearful and withdrawn. Children over the age of five can develop the disease, but it is very rare before adolescence.

People with schizophrenia may have perceptions of reality that are strikingly different from one seen and shared by others around them. Living in a world distorted by hallucinations and delusions, individuals with the disease may feel frightened, anxious and confused. Hallucinations are perceptions that occur without connection to an appropriate source. Delusions are false personal beliefs that are not subject to reason or contradictory evidence.

Substance abuse is a common concern of the family and friends of people with schizophrenia as it can reduce the effectiveness of treatment of the disease. Stimulants such as cocaine and marijuana may cause major problems for patients with schizophrenia. In fact, some people experience a worsening of the symptoms when they take such drugs. Substance abuse also reduces the likelihood that patients will follow the treatment plans recommended by their doctors.

The most common form of substance use disorder in people with schizophrenia is nicotine dependence due to smoking. Quitting smoking may be especially difficult for people with schizophrenia because the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal may cause a temporary worsening of the disorder symptoms. However, smoking cessation strategies that include nicotine replacement methods may be effective. Doctors should carefully monitor medication dosage and response when patients with the disease either start or stop smoking. The large majority of people with the disease show substantial improvement when treated with antipsychotic drugs. Some patients, however, are not helped very much by the medications and a few do not seem to need them. It is difficult to predict which patients will fall into these two groups.

Antipsychotic drugs, like virtually all medications, have unwanted effects along with other symptoms. During the early phases of drug treatment, patients may be troubled by side effects such as drowsiness, restlessness, tremor, dry mouth or blurring of vision. Most of these can be corrected by lowering the dosage or controlled by other medications.

Questions: 11 – 15

11. One conclusion that can be drawn from the first paragraph is that

A. only children suffer schizophrenic disorder.

B. the time of occurrence in men and women differs.

C. women suffer the disorder in their early twenties.

D. men suffer the disorder in their early thirties.

12. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. Schizophrenic disorder affects only the menfolk.

B. Schizophrenic disorder develops only in the womenfolk.

C. Patients with schizophrenia like to keep to themselves than stay with others.

D. Children develop the schizophrenic disorder after adolescence.

13. Which of the following statements is true of the concept of delusions in the second paragraph?

A. The belief in distorted claims.

B. The expressions of personal beliefs.

C. The evidence of reasoning and contradictions.

D. The belief in unsubstantiated claims.

14. From the passage, it can be inferred that

A. family members and friends avoid schizophrenic patients.

B. cocaine and marijuana are good stimulants for patients.

C. substance abuse may assist a patient’s healing process.

D. some drugs slow down a patient’s healing process.

15. The expression “Living in a world distorted by hallucinations” means

A. the world of sound and intellectual thought

B. the expression of ideas that do not have bases

C. a patient’s expression of connected ideas

D. the world is very unfair to schizophrenic patients.

CLOZE

PASSAGE IV

The passage below has gaps numbered 16 to 25. Immediately following each gap, four options are provided. Choose the most appropriate option for each gap.

The economic miracle of the so called Asian Tigers was subject to much debate and analyses in the early 1990s among economists. There was basically two Schools of ….16…. One, that the Asian Tigers’ economic miracle was a case of ‘miracles beyond the free market’ and so to repeat such miracles or something near it, do not leave the …17… to the invisible hands of the free market with its sometimes profoundly anti-social overtones. There was a place for, and indeed a great virtue in state …18… The other group …19… that it was not so much a miracle that was either beyond the free market or, for that matter, one induced by the equally unpredictable, even if visible, hands of politicians and policy …20… The Asian …21… was rather one of a cultural phenomenon blending with good policies to produce a delightfully desirable spectacle of progress and …22… The concern of the economists was how to safely …23… and then apply the Asian prescription to replicate such man-made miracles in many other countries of the world enduring the …24… of unrelenting and …25… poverty.

Questions: 16 – 25

16. A. reasoning B. ideas C. practice D. thought

17. A. economy B. structure C. miracle D. analyses

18. A. makers B. intervention C. persuasion D. enforcement

19. A. synthesized B. analysed C. believed D. recommended

20. A. deciders B. masters C. executors D. makers

21. A. experience B. practice C. logic D. method

22. A. purpose B. affluence C. prospect D. prosperity

23. A. prescribe B. gauge C. stimulate D. re-orientate

24. A. anger B. risk C. throes D. punishment

25. A. momentous B. compelling C. scorching D. aggravating

SENTENCE INTERPRETATION

In each of questions 26 to 35, select the option that best explains the information conveyed in the sentence.

26. The court brought out the fact that the elections were not free and fair.

A. The court said that the elections were not rigged.

B. The court explained that the elections were not marred.

C. The court made it clear that the elections were not flawless.

D. The court saw that the elections were properly conducted.

27. The computer operator was sacked for incompetence.

A. The computer operator was sacked for his foolishness.

B. The computer operator was sacked for his laziness.

C. The computer operator was sacked for lack of skill.

D. The computer operator was sacked for lateness.

28. He was a member of the think tank of the previous administration.

A. As an expert, he criticized government.

B. He was an expert who gave advice to government.

C. He was an expert that government did not listen to.

D. As an expert government must have taken to his advice.

29. In spite of various criticisms, Bala sticks to his guns.

A. Bala always goes out with his guns, ready to kill.

B. People do not like Bala because he is violent.

C. Bala is criticized because of his bad behaviour towards people.

D. Bala adheres to his beliefs even when others do not agree with him.

30. Chike plays to the gallery whenever he meets a group of people.

A. Chike plays well with people at the gallery.

B. Chike likes to play with people.

C. Chike seeks cheap popularity.

D. Chike shows distrust and hatred to people.

31. He kept a stiff upper lip over the accident.

A. He sustained injury on his upper lip.

B. He endured the misfortune with courage.

C. He could not talk because of the accident.

D. His friends deserted him because of the accident.

32. He had travelled the length and breadth of Africa.

A. He must have travelled to some big cities of Africa.

B. He had travelled to many parts of Africa.

C. He had travelled to all parts of Africa.

D. He had travelled to all the villages and towns of Africa.

33. She wriggled out of her wedding gown.

A. She could not take off her gown herself so she was assisted.

B. Her dress got torn because of the snake-like pattern.

C. No one could have imagined that her dress was so tight.

D. It took her some time to remove her close-fitting dress.

34. Visitors who are observant do not outstay their welcome.

A. All visitors must be alert so as to know when to leave a place.

B. Some visitors know when to leave a place so as to make their hosts happy.

C. Some visitors are unable to know when their hosts do not want them around.

D. All visitors except a few, know when to leave a place.

35. The group had been made a scapegoat during the event.

A. Members of the group had been punished for a sin that they did not commit.

B. Members of the group had been blamed for a sin that they committed.

C. The group had been punished so that no one would commit the sin again.

D. The group had been blamed merely to serve as a deterrent to others.

ANTONYMS (OPPOSITE IN MEANING)

In each of the questions 36 to 50, choose the option opposite in meaning to the word or phrase in (italics).

36. Sola is (apathetic) about his work.

A. indifferent

B. enthusiastic

C. half-hearted

D. bored

37. The members of the family had a (hasty) breakfast before starting out on their journey.

A. hurried

B. leisurely

C. tasty

D. nasty

38. The poverty level among the masses is (unbearable).

A. arrogance

B. saturation

C. affluence

D. influence

39. The chairman was accused of implementing policies that favoured the (elite).

A. oppressed

B. executives

C. jobless

D. citizens

40. The manager was impressed by the man’s (eagerness).

A. impatience

B. indifference

C. negligence

D. calmness

41. He is known for making (threadbare) arguments as a scholar.

A. justifiable

B. baseless

C. empty

D. justify

42. The lecturer’s (obscure) publications counted against him during the promotion exercise.

A. widespread

B. closed

C. circulate

D. restricted

43. The man found his wife physically (repellant).

A. attractive

B. fatuous

C. unpleasant

D. flamboyant

44. As an (absolute) ruler, Adayi brooks no opposition from his subordinates.

A. a despotic dictator

B. a shameless king

C. a benevolent leader

D. a magnanimous democrat

45. The response to the advertisement has been (phenomenal).

A. spiritual

B. frightening

C. unimpressive

D. catastrophic

46. My father lived a (spartan) life before his death.

A. extravagant

B. peaceful

C. quiet

D. luxurious

47. Bola’s parents went through an (acrimonious) divorce.

A. a bitter

B. an acrid

C. a sour

D. a peaceful

48. Iliya’s account of the incident is (appalling).

A. tasking

B. fascinating

C. horrifying

D. ridiculous

49. She (encapsulated) her view of the nature of life in a poem.

A. summed up

B. explained

C. expatiated on

D. reflected

50. We were held (spellbound) by his eloquence.

A. unimpressed

B. freed

C. deceived

D. unenlightened

SYNONYMS (NEAREST IN MEANING)

In each of questions 51 to 65, choose the option nearest in meaning to the word or phrase in (italics).

51. We were at a loss to understand why Oli should (retract) his statement before the Judge.

A. assert

B. repeat

C. withdraw

D. reiterate

52. The workers hope to appear before the (arbitration) panel to resolve the lingering dispute.

A. trial

B. legislative

C. investigative

D. reconciliatory

53. He went to the polls in defiance of sound advice and recorded an (abysmal) performance.

A. surprisingly good

B. disappointingly bad

C. mediocre

D. landslide

54. He was not able to (withstand) the attack from his immediate family.

A. survive

B. overcome

C. match

D. resist

55. Your effort to bring peace between us is (futile) because you are (biased).

A. convinced

B. clever

C. prejudiced

D. worried

56. Our front door is always kept (ajar).

A. locked

B. sealed

C. half-closed

D. permanently open

57. His embroidery was an (exacting) task for the tailor.

A. an unwarranted

B. an exciting

C. a demanding

D. a disturbing

58. The students’ (remonstrances) were rebuffed by the authority.

A. protests

B. suggestions

C. complaints

D. regrets

59. I had to make my way through the (throng) of people in the church.

A. group

B. crowd

C. gathering

D. theme

60. The man’s wife has her (misgivings) about him.

A. fears for

B. distrust of

C. hatred for

D. love for

61. Violent crime is only one of the (maladies) afflicting modern society.

A. damages

B. illnesses

C. wounds

D. crises

62. Ade has an (aquiline) nose.

A. a large and curved nose

B. a wide and straight nose

C. a big and pointed nose

D. a small and attractive nose

63. Everyone was talking about the (camaraderie) in the club.

A. companionship

B. quarrelsomeness

C. commissioning

D. disunity

64. ‘You’re (impossible),’ she said to me.

A. unreasonable

B. unforgiving

C. daft

D. strong

65. I was being directed by my (sixth sense) all through the ordeal.

A. intelligence

B. judgement

C. intuition

D. imagination

LEXIS AND STRUCTURE – SENTENCE COMPLETION

In each of questions 66 to 85, choose the option that best completes the gap(s).

66. They …. wet if they had gone out in the rain.

A. would get

B. would have got

C. will have got

D. had got

67. The students are still …. in the dark regarding the principal’s decision.

A. very so

B. much too

C. very much

D. much so

68. (Question 68 is missing from the original document)

69. Either the teacher or the students …. to blame.

A. is

B. are

C. has being

D. are being

70. I will pay my debt ….

A. instalmentally

B. by instalmentally

C. in instalments

D. in instalmentally

71. You should anticipate and prepare for changes …. in your office.

A. that has taken place

B. which takes place

C. taking place

D. that would take place

72. The scholar examined …. of the subject.

A. three apart analysis

B. a part-three analysis

C. a three-part analysis

D. three part analysis

73. The litigants finally opted ….

A. by an out of court

B. in an out-of-court

C. to an out of court

D. for an out-of-court settlement

74. She refrained …. smoking.

A. at

B. off

C. from

D. in

75. Birds whistle while bears ….

A. gibber

B. purr

C. growl

D. bellow

76. I am not surprised that Zali had a road accident; he was always driving too fast, ….?

A. isn’t he

B. wasn’t he

C. didn’t he

D. did he

77. Oduma had …. enough money to pay the fines so he went to jail for distributing libellous ….

A. no / brochures

B. not / circulars

C. no / publications

D. not / pamphlets

78. The principal said he …. so many visitors that day that he …. exhausted.

A. had been having / felt

B. has been having / feels

C. was having / feels

D. is having / field

79. His mother always reprimands him for being a …. reader of cheap novels.

A. vicious

B. veracious

C. vivacious

D. voracious

80. Femi has been …. behind in classwork.

A. lacking

B. lagging

C. larking

D. lurking

81. Judging …. his face, he is not guilty.

A. at

B. through

C. with

D. by

82. What were the …. served in the restaurant?

A. spices

B. desserts

C. diets

D. condiments

83. She …. her hair …. in the room before we left.

A. smoothened / off

B. smoothed / on

C. smoothened / up

D. smoothed / down

84. This is a village where …. knows ….

A. everyone / everyone else

B. anyone / anyone

C. every person / themselves

D. someone / someone else

85. ‘Did you say that you saw him …. the road yesterday?’

A. crossed

B. crossing

C. to be crossing

D. crosses

PHONETICS – VOWEL SOUND

In each of questions 86 to 88, choose the option that has the same vowel sound as the one represented by the letter(s) in (brackets).

86. k(ey)

A. sit

B. bet

C. seat

D. tread

87. t(augh)t

A. law

B. aunt

C. count

D. plateau

88. D(u)tch

A. lottery

B. love

C. loud

D. lurch

PHONETICS – CONSONANT SOUND

In each of questions 89 to 91, choose the option that has the same consonant sound as the one represented by the letter(s) in (brackets).

89. bo(th)

A. bother

B. thaw

C. the

D. there

90. bou(qu)et

A. bucket

B. banquet

C. liquid

D. squeeze

91. house(s)

A. rice

B. rise

C. curse

D. course

RHYMING WORDS

In each of questions 92 to 94, choose the option that rhymes with the given word.

92. say

A. treason

B. weigh

C. fright

D. saw

93. knew

A. tool

B. dawn

C. night

D. queue

94. toy

A. torn

B. take

C. foil

D. tour

STRESS PATTERN

In each of questions 95 to 97, choose the appropriate stress pattern from the options. The syllables are written in capital letters.

95. comfortable

A. COMfortable

B. comFORtable

C. comfortaBLE

D. comforTAble

96. incapacitate

A. inCApacitate

B. incaPAcitate

C. INcapacitate

D. incapaciTATE

97. encouragement

A. ENcouragement

B. enCOURagement

C. encouRAgement

D. encourageMENT

EMPHATIC STRESS

In each of questions 98 to 100, the word in capital letters has the emphatic stress. Choose the option to which the given sentence relates.

98. THEIR children speak better French than English.

A. Do their husbands speak better French than English?

B. What language do their children speak better than English?

C. Do their children speak better French than English?

D. Whose children speak better French than English?

99. They RAN to the playground.

A. Where did they run to?

B. Did they walk to the playground?

C. Who ran to the playground?

D. Did they run from the playground?

100. Timi BOUGHT a new car.

A. Did Timi hire a new car?

B. Does Timi deal in cars?

C. Has Timi acquired a new car?

D. Does Timi have a new car?

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JAMB UTME English Language (Use of English) Past Questions and Answers Free 2008 – Answer Key:

Answers: Numbered 1 – 100

1. B
2. D
3. B
4. D
5. B
6. B
7. C
8. A
9. A
10. A
11. B
12. C
13. D
14. D
15. B
16. D
17. A
18. B
19. C
20. D
21. A
22. D
23. B
24. C
25. D
26. C
27. C
28. B
29. D
30. C
31. B
32. B
33. D
34. B
35. A
36. B
37. B
38. C
39. A
40. B
41. A
42. A
43. A
44. C
45. C
46. D
47. D
48. B
49. C
50. A
51. C
52. D
53. B
54. D
55. C
56. C
57. C
58. A
59. B
60. B
61. B
62. A
63. A
64. A
65. C
66. B
67. C
68. (Not provided)
69. B
70. C
71. C
72. C
73. D
74. C
75. C
76. B
77. C
78. A
79. D
80. B
81. D
82. B
83. D
84. A
85. B
86. C
87. A
88. B
89. B
90. D
91. B
92. B
93. D
94. C
95. A
96. B
97. C
98. D
99. B
100. A

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JAMB UTME English Language (Use of English) Past Questions and Answers Free 2008_Exam Success Guide: Master the Use of English with JAMB UTME English Language (Use of English) Past Questions and Answers Free 2001 to 2007 from Eduonwheels provided here.

JAMB UTME English Language (Use of English) Past Questions and Answers Free 2008 – Answer Explanation Key

Answer Explanations: Numbered 1 – 100

1. B – Type B: This question asks students to identify which version of the exam paper they are answering, a standard administrative question in JAMB exams.

2. D – success has different meanings to different people: Although questions 2-5 reference a different passage than Passage I (about pumpkin), the answer relates to the concept that success is subjective and varies by individual perspective.

3. B – has different meanings: When something is described as a “relative term,” it means its definition or interpretation varies depending on context or perspective.

4. D – is contented with life: A successful person, from a philosophical standpoint, is often described as someone who has achieved contentment and satisfaction with their life circumstances.

5. B – spendthrift: “Squandered” means to waste resources (typically money) recklessly or extravagantly. A spendthrift is someone who spends money wastefully.

6. B – Auditory: The passage explicitly states that “Auditory or perceptual phonetics studies the perception of speech sounds via the ears.”

7. C – every human language has its own separate patterns of structure at all levels: The passage explains that describing language as a system shows that each language has distinct structural patterns across all linguistic levels.

8. A – its finite number of sounds: The passage indicates that each language selects a finite number of sounds from the general pool, and these are combined in unique patterns, making each language distinct.

9. A – expository: The passage explains and informs about linguistic concepts in a clear, informative manner, which is characteristic of expository writing.

10. A – is an interconnecting network of structures: “Systematic patterns of structure” refers to the organized, interconnected way language components work together as a system.

11. B – the time of occurrence in men and women differs: The passage clearly states that schizophrenia appears earlier in men (late teens/early twenties) than in women (twenties to early thirties).

12. C – Patients with schizophrenia like to keep to themselves than stay with others: The passage mentions that symptoms “may leave them fearful and withdrawn,” indicating they prefer isolation.

13. D – The belief in unsubstantiated claims: Delusions are defined in the passage as “false personal beliefs that are not subject to reason or contradictory evidence.”

14. D – some drugs slow down a patient’s healing process: The passage states that stimulants like cocaine and marijuana can cause problems and worsen symptoms, thus slowing recovery.

15. B – the expression of ideas that do not have bases: Hallucinations are perceptions without connection to reality, representing ideas or experiences without factual foundation.

16. D – thought: “Schools of thought” is the correct idiomatic expression referring to different perspectives or approaches.

17. A – economy: The context discusses not leaving the “economy” to free market forces.

18. B – intervention: “State intervention” is the appropriate term for government involvement in economic matters.

19. C – believed: The other group “believed” presents the most natural and grammatically correct option.

20. D – makers: “Policy makers” is the correct term for those who create policies.

21. A – experience: “Asian experience” best describes what is being referenced in the context.

22. D – prosperity: “Progress and prosperity” is the most logical pairing describing economic success.

23. B – gauge: “Gauge” means to measure or assess, fitting the context of evaluating the Asian model.

24. C – throes: “Throes” means intense struggles or pangs, appropriate for describing the suffering of poverty.

25. D – aggravating: “Aggravating poverty” means worsening or intensifying poverty, fitting the context.

26. C – The court made it clear that the elections were not flawless: “Not free and fair” means the elections had problems or flaws.

27. C – The computer operator was sacked for lack of skill: “Incompetence” means lacking the necessary ability or skill to perform a task adequately.

28. B – He was an expert who gave advice to government: A “think tank” is a group of experts who provide advice and ideas on policy matters.

29. D – Bala adheres to his beliefs even when others do not agree with him: “Sticks to his guns” is an idiom meaning to maintain one’s position or beliefs despite opposition.

30. C – Chike seeks cheap popularity: “Plays to the gallery” means trying to gain approval or popularity through showy or insincere behavior.

31. B – He endured the misfortune with courage: “Kept a stiff upper lip” is an idiom meaning to remain brave and not show emotion during difficult times.

32. B – He had travelled to many parts of Africa: “Length and breadth” is an idiom meaning extensively throughout, but not necessarily everywhere.

33. D – It took her some time to remove her close-fitting dress: “Wriggled out of” suggests struggling to remove something tight-fitting.

34. B – Some visitors know when to leave a place so as to make their hosts happy: Observant visitors notice social cues and don’t overstay, meaning they leave at appropriate times.

35. A – Members of the group had been punished for a sin that they did not commit: A “scapegoat” is someone blamed or punished for the wrongdoings of others.

36. B – enthusiastic: The opposite of “apathetic” (lacking interest or enthusiasm) is “enthusiastic” (showing intense interest).

37. B – leisurely: The opposite of “hasty” (done quickly or hurriedly) is “leisurely” (done in a relaxed, unhurried manner).

38. C – affluence: The opposite of “poverty” (being unbearably poor) is “affluence” (wealth and prosperity).

39. A – oppressed: The opposite of “elite” (privileged upper class) is “oppressed” (those who are subjected to harsh treatment).

40. B – indifference: The opposite of “eagerness” (enthusiasm and keen interest) is “indifference” (lack of interest or concern).

41. A – justifiable: The opposite of “threadbare” (weak, worn-out arguments) is “justifiable” (well-supported, valid arguments).

42. A – widespread: The opposite of “obscure” (not well-known or difficult to understand) is “widespread” (widely known or distributed).

43. A – attractive: The opposite of “repellant” (causing disgust or aversion) is “attractive” (pleasing or appealing).

44. C – a benevolent leader: The opposite of “absolute” ruler (one with unlimited power) in context is “a benevolent leader” (one who is kind and considerate).

45. C – unimpressive: The opposite of “phenomenal” (remarkably excellent) is “unimpressive” (not remarkable or outstanding).

46. D – luxurious: The opposite of “spartan” (simple, austere, without comfort) is “luxurious” (characterized by comfort and elegance).

47. D – a peaceful: The opposite of “acrimonious” (bitter and hostile) is “a peaceful” (calm and harmonious).

48. B – fascinating: The opposite of “appalling” (causing shock or dismay) is “fascinating” (extremely interesting or attractive).

49. C – expatiated on: The opposite of “encapsulated” (expressed concisely) is “expatiated on” (spoke or wrote at length).

50. A – unimpressed: The opposite of “spellbound” (fascinated or captivated) is “unimpressed” (not affected or interested).

51. C – withdraw: “Retract” means to take back or withdraw a statement or accusation.

52. D – reconciliatory: “Arbitration” refers to the process of resolving disputes through mediation, which is reconciliatory in nature.

53. B – disappointingly bad: “Abysmal” means extremely bad or appalling in quality.

54. D – resist: “Withstand” means to remain strong in the face of something, to resist or endure.

55. C – prejudiced: “Biased” means having or showing prejudice for or against someone or something unfairly.

56. C – half-closed: “Ajar” means slightly open, typically referring to a door.

57. C – a demanding: “Exacting” means requiring great care, effort, or attention; demanding.

58. A – protests: “Remonstrances” are protests or objections, especially formal ones.

59. B – crowd: A “throng” is a large, densely packed crowd of people.

60. B – distrust of: “Misgivings” means feelings of doubt or distrust about someone or something.

61. B – illnesses: “Maladies” are diseases, illnesses, or ailments, especially chronic ones.

62. A – a large and curved nose: “Aquiline” describes a nose that is curved or hooked like an eagle’s beak.

63. A – companionship: “Camaraderie” means mutual trust and friendship among people who spend time together.

64. A – unreasonable: “Impossible” in this context means unreasonable or difficult to deal with.

65. C – intuition: “Sixth sense” refers to intuition or the ability to understand something instinctively without conscious reasoning.

66. B – would have got: This is a third conditional sentence requiring “would have” + past participle to express an unreal past condition.

67. C – very much: “Very much in the dark” is the correct idiomatic expression meaning uninformed or uncertain.

68. (Not provided): Question 68 was missing from the original document.

69. B – are: When “either…or” connects subjects, the verb agrees with the nearest subject. “Students” is plural, so “are” is correct.

70. C – in instalments: “In instalments” is the correct prepositional phrase for paying in parts over time.

71. C – taking place: The present participle “taking place” is correct for changes that are currently occurring or will occur.

72. C – a three-part analysis: The correct form uses hyphens to create a compound adjective: “a three-part analysis.”

73. D – for an out-of-court settlement: “Opted for” is the correct prepositional phrase, and “out-of-court” requires hyphens as a compound adjective.

74. C – from: “Refrain from” is the correct prepositional phrase meaning to stop oneself from doing something.

75. C – growl: Bears growl; this is the sound they typically make.

76. B – wasn’t he: The question tag should match the past continuous tense “was driving,” making “wasn’t he” correct.

77. C – no / publications: “No” (not “not”) is correct before a noun, and “libellous publications” fits the formal context.

78. A – had been having / felt: The past perfect continuous “had been having” with simple past “felt” correctly expresses the sequence of events.

79. D – voracious: A “voracious” reader is someone who reads eagerly and in great quantities.

80. B – lagging: “Lagging behind” means falling behind or not keeping up with others.

81. D – by: “Judging by” is the correct prepositional phrase meaning “to judge based on.”

82. B – desserts: In a restaurant context, “desserts” (sweet courses) makes the most sense.

83. D – smoothed / down: “Smoothed down” is the correct phrasal verb for making hair neat and flat.

84. A – everyone / everyone else: This construction correctly expresses that everyone in the village knows everyone else.

85. B – crossing: After “saw him,” the present participle “crossing” is correct for describing an action in progress.

86. C – seat: Both “key” and “seat” contain the long “ee” sound (/iː/).

87. A – law: Both “taught” and “law” contain the same vowel sound (/ɔː/).

88. B – love: Both “Dutch” and “love” contain the same short “u” sound (/ʌ/).

89. B – thaw: Both “both” and “thaw” contain the voiceless “th” sound (/θ/).

90. D – squeeze: Both “bouquet” and “squeeze” contain the /kw/ consonant sound.

91. B – rise: Both “houses” (final s) and “rise” contain the /z/ sound.

92. B – weigh: “Say” and “weigh” rhyme, both ending with the /eɪ/ sound.

93. D – queue: “Knew” and “queue” rhyme, both pronounced with the /uː/ sound.

94. C – foil: “Toy” and “foil” rhyme, both ending with the /ɔɪ/ sound.

95. A – COMfortable: The stress in “comfortable” falls on the first syllable: COM-for-ta-ble.

96. B – incaPAcitate: The stress in “incapacitate” falls on the third syllable: in-ca-PA-ci-tate.

97. C – encouRAgement: The stress in “encouragement” falls on the second syllable: en-COUR-age-ment.

98. D – Whose children speak better French than English?: Emphasizing “THEIR” contrasts whose children are being discussed.

99. B – Did they walk to the playground?: Emphasizing “RAN” contrasts the mode of movement (ran vs. walked).

100. A – Did Timi hire a new car?: Emphasizing “BOUGHT” contrasts the method of acquisition (bought vs. hired).